An analysis and description of case marking in four Persian dialects of Khuzestan
zahra
Hamedi shirvan
دانشجوی دکتری زبانشناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
Shahla
Sharifi
دانشیار زبانشناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
Mahmmod
Elyasi
استادیار زبانشناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2015
per
Case marking is one way of showing grammatical relationships between the constituents in the sentences. In this study, case marking will be discussed in four Persian dialects of Khuzestan, namely Dezfuli, Shushtari, Behbahani and Hendijani. The data in this study have been collected through field study using a questionnaire for interviewing 33 native speakers of these dialects. Our theoretical basis is mainly Comrie (1978) which defines five language types based on case marking systems. Data analysis revealed that case marking in Dezfuli, Shushtari and Hendijani is subjective and tense, modality and animacy of the subject or object have no effect on the case marking system in these three dialects. But data about Behbahani showed that tense is effective in case marking in this dialect. In present as well as in future transitive and intransitive clauses, case marking system is neutral. That is, the subject of the intransitive and transitive clauses and also the object have no marker and are all unmarked. It should be noted that in Behbahani, the Persian object marker “RA” is not used at all. But in the past tense, the subject is duplicated by a non-nominative clitic which can choose different hosts. That is, case marking in past tense is ergative. Also the verbs "want" and "have" in Behbahani, unlike other verbs, show ergative case marking, both in the past and in the present tenses.
Research in Western Iranian Languages and Dialects
Razi University
2345-2579
2
v.
8
no.
2015
1
23
https://jlw.razi.ac.ir/article_592_5efd3fc961d7fed295e9373e1310856e.pdf
Hypocoristic names as the pattern of the representing the verbal protest and satisfying in Kermanshah Kurdish
Bahman
Haidari
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زبانشناسی، دانشگاه کردستان
author
text
article
2015
per
The current study investigates the patterns for forming hypocoristic names used to represent verbal protest and satisfaction in relation to three social factors: gender, age and context. In this descriptive and analytical study, first data have been collected from thirty students in a school in Kermanshah. Second to study the effect of three factors of gender, age and context on hypocoristic names data have been collected from students’ families. The results showed that gender has no effect on this process, while age and context play the main role. Also, Kermanshahi Kurdish Hypocoristic names have the pattern CV.CVC. Verbal protest and satisfaction are realized by elements attached to the truncated normal name. On the basis of hypocoristic templatic data from Meyan-darband Kermanshah, we concluded that suffixes әg, -әl, -a, -i represent protest and satisfaction. -әg, әl for protest and -i, -a for satisfaction. At the end, different constraints and their rankings were determined on the basis of optimality theory.
Research in Western Iranian Languages and Dialects
Razi University
2345-2579
2
v.
8
no.
2015
25
37
https://jlw.razi.ac.ir/article_593_7fd64923802b4cdf2f245439ba7cacf7.pdf
initial consonant cluster in sistani dialect- non- linear phonology
Seyyed Farid
Khalifelou
استادیار گروه زبانشناسی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان
author
Mansoure
Delaramifar
دانشجوی دکتری زبانشناسی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان
author
text
article
2015
per
Autosegmental phonology has been presented by Goldsmith(1976) who introduced phonological representation as a multi-layer system and studied it in a multi-dimensional space where each dimension has its independent features. In this study, we described Sistani syllabic structure which seems to be different from other Persian dialects and represented the deep structure of Sistani Syllabic structure on the basis of autosegmental phonology approach. The evidence proved that Sistani dialect in its underlying representation has C(C)V(C)(C) structure. So, this dialect, in its underlying syllabic structure, has an initial consonant cluster which is absent in other Persian dialects. For example, the word "pesar" in Persian language is pronounced /psar/ ‘boy’ in Sistani dialect. The results showed that Sistani has inherited initial consonant cluster from Old Persian.
Research in Western Iranian Languages and Dialects
Razi University
2345-2579
2
v.
8
no.
2015
39
62
https://jlw.razi.ac.ir/article_594_e9050df4ce7d836fb059a603aaa37972.pdf
An Optimality Theoretic Analysis of Lenition in Sanandaji Kurdish
Muhamad Sediq
Zahedi
استادیار گروه زبان انگلیسی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان کردستان
author
Habib
Soleimani
استادیار گروه زبان انگلیسی، دانشگاه کردستان
author
text
article
2015
per
Adopting a descriptive-analytic method in the framework of Optimality Theory, this present study aims to analyse the phonological process of lenition, especially spirantisation – a process by which an obstruent becomes a fricative or an approximant- in Kurdish dialect of Sanandaj. In order to gather data, in addition to doing interviews with both female and male speakers of the dialect from different ages, the authors have used their linguistic intuition as a speakers of Sanandaji Kurdish. Analyzing the data demonstrates that spirantisation occurs in all weak positions namely, in onset, coda, and inter-vocalic positions, motivated either by sonority (in two-member coda clusters to conform to the Sonority Sequencing Principle/ Generalization), or assimilating to a neighboring sound with a higher degree of sonority. However, in a special case of lenition in this dialect, changes happen not in the kind of obstruction but in the degree of obstruction of the same phone, though the motivation is still assimilating to a neighboring sound with a higher degree of sonority.
Research in Western Iranian Languages and Dialects
Razi University
2345-2579
2
v.
8
no.
2015
63
78
https://jlw.razi.ac.ir/article_595_4bb6f6180d40821a8a839f1bdb5686ed.pdf
Ilam Kurdish dialect type determined by measuring the VOT
Fatemeh
Abbaasian
دانشآموختۀ کارشناسی ارشد زبانشناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا
author
Mandana
Nourbakhsh
استادیار گروه زبانشناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا
author
text
article
2015
per
Among the voicing cues, Voice Onset Time (VOT) is one of the most important. Voice Onset Time (VOT) is a term which was innovated by Abramson and Lisker (1964) and it is so called as the duration of the time period between the releasing of a plosive and the beginning of vocal fold vibration. This period is usually measured in milliseconds (ms). In this research, VOT was examined as a feature in voicing distinction at two positions (initial and intervocalic) through articulatory tests. Some Ilami Kurdish words were collected by recording the speech of five male and five female speakers. The results showed that VOT is one of the most prominent cues for the voicing distinction. The findings showed that Ilami Kurdish dialect is among languages which use two non-adjacent categories {voices} and {voiceless aspirated} to show voicing distinction. Because of survival of aspiration phenomenon at mentioned positions, we can say that the speakers of Ilami prefer the Articulatory Uniformity Principle over the Articulatory Ease Principle.
Research in Western Iranian Languages and Dialects
Razi University
2345-2579
2
v.
8
no.
2015
79
99
https://jlw.razi.ac.ir/article_596_db183b14bf969e00d8849122356ffaea.pdf
Tense and aspect in Kurdish
rahman
veisi hasar
assistant professor of linguistics at university of Kurdsitan
author
text
article
2015
per
The present paper aims at investigating the tense system and its relationship to the aspectual system in Mukriyan Kurdish language. For this purpose, we analyze the tense system in the Mukriyan Kurdish language, and then evaluate its influences on the grammatical and situational aspects. The results show that the Mukriyan Kurdish language has a binary tense system (past and non-past). The combination of this system with modal and aspectual markers gives rise to various conceptions of time that are not necessarily enjoying a grammatical coding. For example, the combination of this tense system with the mood markers gives birth to future and posterior times. Also, the results demonstrate that the present tense can be mainly combined with the imperfect aspect, whereas the past tense is the most unmarked tense for the perfect aspect. In addition, all the lexical aspects may easily be expressed in the past tense, but many of them suffer coercion in the present tense. It should be noted that expressing the perfect aspect in present tense is possible in some situations including imperative sentences and sport report.
Research in Western Iranian Languages and Dialects
Razi University
2345-2579
2
v.
8
no.
2015
101
124
https://jlw.razi.ac.ir/article_597_a143eac3d248c5b434c684c30dd1e5de.pdf