The Metaphor of Time as Moving through Locations in Sohrab Sepehri’s Poems Based on the Contemporary Theory of Metaphor
Hamidreza
Akbari
Department of English language and literature, Firoozabad branch, Islamic Azad university, Firoozabad, Iran
author
Leila
Salehnejad
Instructor, Department of English language Teaching, Behbahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Behbahan, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Metaphor is one of the most important linguistic phenomena that has attracted the attention of philosophers, scholars, and recently linguists as well. Using advantages of the contemporary theory of metaphor introduced by Lakoff in 1992, the current study that has been conducted on a descriptive-analytical framework, attempts to survey the mechanisms of the metaphor of time as moving through places in Sohrab Sepehri’s poems. The results indicated that in Sepehri’s poems, time is conceptualized in two basic ways: the first one is when the observer is fixed and times are entities moving with respect to the observer and the second one is when times are fixed locations and the observer is moving with respect to the time. It can be said that this conceptualization of time confirms a universal cognitive process, that is, the metaphorical understanding of time as things or moving objects in places. The final point in Sepehri’s poems is passing through the borders of conventional metaphors and moving into the world of novel ones which distinguishes the poet’s language from that of ordinary people and even other poets.
Research in Western Iranian Languages and Dialects
Razi University
2345-2579
3
v.
12
no.
2016
1
16
https://jlw.razi.ac.ir/article_1237_39b2a2a78f0d475195a892565c8f1671.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22126/jlw.2016.1237
Phonological Processes of “Fortition” in Ilami Kurdish Variants
Elham
Sobati
Ph.D. of Linguistics, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
author
Tahereh
Afshar
Assistant Professor, Department of Englih Language and Literature, Ilam University, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
This article aims at analyzing the phonological processes of “Fortition” in Ilami Kurdish variants including Arkavazi, Khezeli (Kheirvand), Malekshahi, and Feyli on the basis of “generative theory”. In fortition process, phonetic change occurs in the axis of approximant to fricative and then to stop. The data has been collected by interviewing 100 literate and illiterate male and female informants aged between 30 and 85. Both researchers are native informants of Ilami Kurdish variant (Feyli) and they are also familiar with the other Ilami Kurdish variants. The collected data were transcribed according to IPA alphabet. Research method is descriptive-analytic. Some of the most important results of this research are as follow: 1- In Ilami Kurdish variants, epenthesis has the highest frequency with respect to other phonological processes. 2- in borrowed words with a final consonant cluster where the second sound in the cluster is /r/ or /l/, the syllable is broken and the vowel /ə/ is inserted before the mentioned consonants to maintain sonority sequence principle. 3- In Ilami Kurdish variants the glottal fricative consonant /h/ turns to the anterior and coronal consonant [s] in the initial position of a syllable.
Research in Western Iranian Languages and Dialects
Razi University
2345-2579
3
v.
12
no.
2016
17
34
https://jlw.razi.ac.ir/article_1238_ef33d231358a06260d3cda6a51737bf8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22126/jlw.2016.1238
Realization of Condolence Speech Act in Ilami Kurdish
Mohamad
Aliakbari
Professor in TEFL, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
author
Mojtaba
Gheitasi
M.A. of TEFL, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
This study aimed to investigate the speech act of condolence in Ilami Kurdish. A researcher-made DCT was distributed among 130 respondents across Ilam and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS. The findings revealed employment of 13 strategies in fulfillment of condolence speech act by respondents, the most frequent of which were “Religious expressions”, “Seeking absolution from God”, and “Praying for the deceased”. The results also made it clear that this dialect maintains a highly formulaic and routine structure for the given speech act so that except for the level of education, other individual differences like age, gender, and occupation of the respondents did not seem to play an important role in the selection of the strategies. Yet, the quality of condolence words in Kurdish was found to be more directed to and more influenced by the personal characteristics of the deceased person than the bereaved.
Research in Western Iranian Languages and Dialects
Razi University
2345-2579
3
v.
12
no.
2016
35
50
https://jlw.razi.ac.ir/article_1239_2e48392b60b8957de36c0d5d0aafae93.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22126/jlw.2016.1239
Comparative Analysis of Persian Vowels Features in Congenitally Blind and Sighted Students in Acoustic Phonetics
Tahereh
Mahmoodi Ahmadabadi
Ph.D of Linguistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
arsalan
golfam
Associate Professor of Linguistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
Aliyeh
Kord Zafaranlu Kambuziya
Associate Professor of Linguistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
Mandana
Nourbakhsh
Associate Professor of Linguistics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Congenital visual impairment deprives children of an important source of information affecting acquired concepts as well as speech production. The primary aim of the research was to evaluate the extent to which blindness may affect vowel features (intensity, height, pitch, tongue movements, and lip protrusion). In the present paper 1728 speech samples from the natural production of the three repetitions of Persian vowel uttered by eight congenitally blind individuals and their equivalent sighted peers (all ranging from 10 to 15 years with mean age of 13± 1.69) were recorded under similar prosodic conditions. Significancy of differences in the interaction of vowel type and degree of blindness in the values of second and third frequency is indicated. Also vowel space is different in the two groups. Results of acoustic data analyses reveal thatblindness may affect speech. Results of post-hoc testes show that contrary to the previous research findings more dynamic lip gestures and less dynamic tongue movements have been explored by the values of Persian blind speakers. Also more constricted vowel space in blind speakers may lead to less their diminished intelligibility of speech.
Research in Western Iranian Languages and Dialects
Razi University
2345-2579
3
v.
12
no.
2016
51
66
https://jlw.razi.ac.ir/article_1240_7a8c44fb88278c0dea4bf854858a13e5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22126/jlw.2016.1240
An Investigation of Vowel Raising in Persian: The Case of “ɒ” in “-n”
Mehrzad
Mansouri
Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics, Shiraz University, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Raising vowel is one of the phonological process in Persian in various forms presented in this study. One of these forms is raising low back vowel “ɒ” before alveolar nasal “n”. In this study to analyze the process in the frame work of Optimality, Using “AntConc” words ending in “-ɒn” have been extracted from a part of Persian corpus (Hamshahri 2) with about fifteen million words. The study shows that “ɒ” raising before coronal nasal consonant can be analyzed as a general constraint (*-ɒn) which does not appear before coronal nasal consonants in syllable boundary or within syllable. In the present study , It has been analyzed that the constraint has been violated in some cases presented in this study. Some of the constraints presented and analyzed in this study are “specific words”, “idioms newly translated”, “borrowed words and expressions” and the stem of tavanestan (can). In this study it has been shown that Optimality Theory can account for both those vowel raising being applied and those can not be to applied to.
Research in Western Iranian Languages and Dialects
Razi University
2345-2579
3
v.
12
no.
2016
67
84
https://jlw.razi.ac.ir/article_1241_c4b50fce768b0ef944a33c03d431d385.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22126/jlw.2016.1241
Investigating Kinship Terms in Kalhori Variety of Eyvan
Zaniar
Naghshbandi
Assistant Professor, Department of Kurdish Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
author
Nasser
Maleki
Associate Professor, Department of English Language and Linguistics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
author
Alireza
Khani
Ph.D. Student of Persian language and Literature, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Systematic study of the Kinship terms in the languages of the world can provide a unique opportunity for thorough analysis of both their linguistic features and mechanisms and also the internal architecture of the communities of their speakers. This paper seeks to present a detailed analysis of kinship terms in Kalhori (the variety spoken in the city of Eyvan and its neighborhood). The notion of competing motivations like iconicity and frequency of use along with Murdock’s (1948) standard classification of kinship terms constitute the core of the theoretical framework of the present paper. It is demonstrated that the Kalhori variety of Eyvan contains 27 and 22 terms for referring to consanguineous and affinal relations respectively. Moreover, the findings of the present study shows that Kalhori of Eyvan possesses18 elementary terms, 19 derivative terms, and 12 descriptive terms. Three special terms which can cover a large number of family relations in Kalhori are also discussed at the end of this paper.
Research in Western Iranian Languages and Dialects
Razi University
2345-2579
3
v.
12
no.
2016
85
104
https://jlw.razi.ac.ir/article_1242_024e48b6ac41b901dfa08f5fe74580b5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22126/jlw.2016.1242