The Study of Persian Discourse Markers in Azerbaijani Speakers’ Speech

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 - Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics, Payam Noor University, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics, Payam Noor University, Iran

3 M.A. of Linguistics, Payam Noor University, Iran

Abstract

The aim of this research is to study Persian discourse markers in Azerbaijani speakers’ speech. Data was collected from Azerbaijani speakers’ conversations over 18 hours in Ardabil. Investigating data shows that Persian discourse markers," xob, be hǝr hal, yǝni, vǝli, belǝxǝre, ǝslǝn, vaqeǝn, kolǝn, vallah, mǝsǝlǝn, xolase, be xatere, ǝlbǝte, be qoli, ǝma˒ dǝrhalike˒bǝd˒ ҫön˒ dǝqiqǝn˒ dǝrvaqe are used in Azerbaijani conversations. They take place in different positions in a sentence with various discourse functions. The reasons of these substitutions are multifunctionality, lack of equivalents and simplicity of Persian discourse markers. Data analysis based on linguistic and non-linguistic criteria of borrowing/code-switching differentiation shows that the majority of Persian discourse markers have been borrowed by Azerbaijani and some of them appear as code-switched elements in bilinguals’ speech. The findings are in line with Myers-Scotton’s view describing borrowing/code-switching continuum as a mechanism for accomplishment of borrowing process.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

احمدی گیوی، حسن (1383). دستور تطبیقی زبان ترکی و فارسی. تهران: قطره.
بهبهانی­زاده، هدیل (1389). بررسی برخی از نقش‌نماهای کلامی در قرآن مجید. پایان‌نامة کارشناسی‌ارشد زبان‌شناسی. دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی تهران.
ذوقدار مقدم، رضا (1381). نقش‌نماهای گفتمان و کارکرد آن­ها در زبان فارسی معاصر. پایان‌نامة دکتری ادبیات فارسی. دانشگاه اصفهان.
غیاثیان، مریم‌سادات و حکیمه رضایی (1393 الف). بررسی نقش‌نماهای کلامی فارسی در مکالمات دوزبانه‌های ارمنی-فارسی. زبان­شناخت، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی، 5 (1)، 125-147.
------------------------ (1393 ب). بررسی پدیدة رمزگردانی با نگاهی به گفتار دوزبانه‌های ارمنی-فارسی تهران. زبان و زبان‌شناسی، 10(20)، 103-120.
فرزانه، محمدعلی (1357). مبانی دستور زبان آذربایجانی. تهران: فرزانه.
محمودی، بتول (1384). تغییرات تلفظی واژگان فارسی هنگام استفاده در گفتار رسمی زبان نوشتاری ترک­زبانان تبریز. زبان و زبان­­­شناسی، 1 (2)، 1-19.
مدرسی، یحیی (1387). جامعه­شناسی زبان.تهران: پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی.
References
Aron̓, J. E. (2004). So Respetamos un Tradition del uno al otro.so and entonces in New Mexican Bilingual Discourse. Spanish in Context, 1 (2), 161-179.
Appel, R. (1987). Kodewisseling: Wel of Geen Beperkingen. Interdisciplinair Tijdschrifr voor Taa/-ell TeksllI'el emc hap, 7 (3), 191-199.
Blakemore, D. (1987). Semantic Constraints on Relevance. Oxford: Blackwell.
------------------- (2002). Relevance and Linguistic Meaning:the Semantics and Pragmatics of Discourse Markers. (Cambridge Studies in Linguistics 99). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Blom, J. P. & J. J. Gumperz (1972). Social Meaning in Linguistic Structure: Code ‑Switching Norway. In: L. Wei (Ed.), The bilingualism reader, (pp. 111-136). London: Routledge.
Chan, H. Y. (2004). English-Cantones Code Mixing Among Secondary School Students in Hong Kong (Unpublished master's thesis). Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong.
Comrie, B. (1981). The Languages of the Soviet Union. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress.
DeRooij, V. A. (2000). French Discourse Markers in Shaba Swahili Conversations. International Journal of Bilingualism, 4 (4), 447-469.
Fraser, B. (1999). what are Discourse Markers?. Journal of Pragmatics, 31, 931-952.
Goss, E. L. & J. C. Salmons (2000). The Evolution of a Bilingual Discourse Marking Systemmodel Particles and English Markers in German-American Dialects. International Journal of Bilingualism, 4 (4), 469-484.
Hlavac, J. (2006). Bilingual Discourse Markers: Evidence from Croatian-English code-Switching. Journal of Pragmatics, 38 (11), 1870-1900.
Labov, W. & D. Fanshel (1977). Therapeutic Discourse. New York: Academic Press.
Levinson, S. (1983). Pragmatics.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Maschler, Y. (2011). Metalanguage in Interaction: Hebrew Discourse Markers. Journal of pragmatics, l43 (4), 1154-1156.
Myers-scotton.C. (1993). Duellinglanguages: Grammatical structure in Codeswitching. Oxford: Clarendon press.
-------------------- (2002). Contact Linguistics. Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press.
-------------------- (2006). Multiple Voices: An Introduction to Bilingualism. Oxford: Blackwell.
Pfaf, C. (1979). Constraints on Language Mixing: Intrasentential Constraints on Language Code‑Switching and Borrowingin Spanish/English. Language, 55 (2), 291-318.
Poplack, S. (1980). Sometimes I’ll Start A Sentence in English Ytermino en Español: Toward a Typology of Code-Switching 1. Linguistics, 18 (7-8), 581-618.
Poplack, S. & M. Meechan, (1995). Patterns of Language Mixture: Nominal Structure in Wolof–French and Fongbe–French Bilingual Discourse. In: L. Milroy & P. Muyesken (Eds.), One Speaker Two Languages: Cross Disciplinary Perspective on Code-Switching,(pp. 199-232). Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress.
Schiffrin, D. (1987). Discourse Markers.Cambridge.UK: Cambridge University Press.
Sridhar, S. K. (1980). The Syntax and Psycholinguistics of Bilingual Code-Mixing.Canadian Journal of Psychology, 34 (4), 407-416.
Thomason, S. & T. Kaufman (1988). Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Treffers Daller, J. (1994). Mixing two Languages, French-Dutch Contact in a Comparative Perspective. Berlin: Mouton de Gruytor.
Van Dulm, O. (2007). The Grammer of English Africans Codeswitching. A feature checking account utrecht: LOT.
Zwicky, A. M. (1985).Clitics and Particles. Language, 61 (2), 283-305
Research in Western Iranian Languages and Dialects
Volume 7, Issue 3 - Serial Number 26
October 2019
Pages 91-112

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics