Comparing Agreement System in Kalhori Kurdish with Laki, Surani, and Kormanji

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student of Linguistics, Islamic Azad University, Ilam Branch, Ilam, Iran

2 department of linguitic, ilam branch, islamic azad university,ilam,iran.

3 Professor of Linguistics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

4 Assistant Professor of Linguistics, Islamic Azad University, Ilam Branch, Ilam, Iran

Abstract

Agreement, case marking, and word order are three important means to represent grammatical relations. Languages use these means according to their features. The present study is intended to investigate and analyze the agreement system in Kalhori Kurdish and compare it with Laki, Surani, and Kormanji dialects. This study is a descriptive, analytic, and comparative one. The data were collected through field work by observations and interviews. The current paper is a cognitive-typological research (Comrie, 1989; Brown, 2010; and Dabirmoghadam, 1392). The results reveal that in Kalhori, Laki, and Surani dialects, the agreement means are mainly nominative affix, nominative clitic, and accusative clitic, while in Kormanji it is just nominative clitic. The host of nominative affix and accusative clitic is the verb; and the host of nominative clitic is the noun clause. It is remarkable that nominative clitic exists in linking and compound verbs. Another finding in Kalhori Kurdish was that the felicitous use of object clitics depends on definiteness of object. Finally, the type of agreement system in Kalhori, Laki, and Surani dialects has mostly the pattern of nominative-accusative, nominative and non-nominative. Finally, it was found that agreement system in Kalhori Kurdish, Laki and Surani Kurdish is nominative-accusative, nominative and non-nominative respectively, while, in Kormanji, agreement system was found to be nominative, nominative-accusative, and without agreement in different contexts.

Keywords

References

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Research in Western Iranian Languages and Dialects
Volume 3, Issue 15
October 2017
Pages 91-110

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