Cognitive Study of Compound Adjectives in Hawrami Kurdish of Paveh

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 . Ph.D. Student, Department of Linguistics and Foreign Languages, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor in Linguistics, Department of Linguistics and Foreign Languages, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran.

3 Associate Professor in Linguistics, Department of Linguistics and Foreign Languages, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran.

4 Assistant professor in Linguistics, Department of Linguistics and Foreign Languages, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

In this descriptive-analytic study, firstly, compound adjectives of Hawrami Kurdish of Paveh gathered from Persian-Kurdish Dictionary (Mardukh Ruhani et al., (3 Vols.), 2006), along with 25 others added by one of the authors who is the speaker of Hawrami Kurdish of Paveh. Then, the data were examined based on cognitive linguistics and Hamawand’s (2011) model of cognitive morphology. The semantic relationship between the head and the modifier of these adjectives were analyzed based on three cognitive operations; categorization, configuration and conceptualization. The results indicated that nine out of twelve categories proposed by Hamawand can be seen in Hawrami Kurdish of Paveh (including adjectives in which modifier shows the goal, or place of the head, or doesn't have the feature mentioned by the head, or adjectives whose head shows type, feature, size, activity, tendency, or moving toward the modifier). There are, also, four more categories which are not mentioned in Hamawand’s model but exist in Hawrami Kurdish of Paveh (including adjectives whose modifiers show the quantity, range, feature or resemblance of the head). There are also three inter-word-class- and three intra-word-class-domains and six construals in compound adjectives of Hawrami Kurdish of Paveh.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Andi, S.T., Golfam, A., &Aghagolzadeh, F. (2021). The study of compounding process and its classification in terms of meaning and relationship between constituents in Mazandarani. Persian Language and Iranian Dialects, 1(11), 143-172 (In Persian).
Asi, M., & Badakhshan, E. (2010). Typology of compounds. Persian Language and Litrature, 14 (46), 71-94 (In persian).
Bauer, L. (1983). English word-formation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bauer, L. (2009). Typology of compounds. In R. Lieber & P. Štekauer (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Compounding (pp. 343-356). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bencezes, R. (2006). Creative compounds in English: The semantics of metaphorical and metonymical noun-noun combinations. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Bloomfield, L. (1933). Language. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Booij, G.E. (1992). The boundary between morphology and syntax: Separable complex verbs in Dutch. In G.E. Booij & J. van Marle (Eds.), Yearbook of Morphology 1990 (pp. 45-64). Dordrecht: Foris.
Dabir Moghaddam, M. (2015). Typology of Iranian languages. Tehran: Samt (In persian).
Fabb, N. (1998). Compounding. In A. Spencer & A.M. Zwicky (Eds.), The Handbook of Morphology Oxford/Malden (pp. 690-706). MA: Blackwell.
Girrarts, D. (2019). Diachronic prototype semantics: A contribution to historical lexicology. Translators: Belghis Rovshan& Bistoon Abasi. Tehran: Neveeseh Parsi (In Persian)
Hamawand, Z. (2011) Morphology in English: Word formation in cognitive grammar. London: Continuum.
Haspelmath, M. (2002). Understanding morphology. London: Arnold.
Haspelmath, M. (2004). Coordinating constructions: An overview. In M. Haspelmath (Ed.), Coordinating Constructions (pp. 3-39). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Katamba, F. (1993). Morphology: Modern linguistics series. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Katamba, F., & Stonham, J. (2006). Morphology: Palgrave modern linguistics. UK: Red Globe Press.
Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, fire and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Langacker, R. (1987). Foundations of cognitive grammar: Theoretical prerequisites. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Lieber, R. (1992). Compounding in English. Rivista di Linguistica, (4), 79–96.
Lieber, R. (2010). Introducing morphology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mardukh Ruhani, M., Sanandaji, M, Pashabadi, Y and Karimyan, M. (2006). Kurdish-Persian dictionary (3 Vols.). Sanandaj: Kurdestan University press (In persian)
Natel Khanlari, P. (1990). Persian grammar. Tehran. Toos (In persian)
Selkirk, E.O. (1982). The syntax of words. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Shaghagi, V. (2013). An introduction to morphology. Tehran: Samt (In persian).
Spencer, A. (1991). Morphological theory: An introduction to word structure in generative grammar. London: Blackwell.
Tabatabayee, A. (2003). Compound nouns and adjectives in persian. Tehran: A center for university publications (In persian)
Tabatabayee, A. (2007). Compounding in Presian 1. Namehfarhangestan. 9 (35), 186-196 (In persian)
Tabatabayee, A. (2008). Compounding in Presian 2. Namehfarhangestan. 10 (37), 130-136 (In persian)
Tabatabayee, A. (2010). Compounding in Presian 5. Namehfarhangestan. 11 (41), 163-175 (In persian)